Shiga Kogen occupies highland terrain within Joshinetsu Kogen National Park in Yamanouchi, northeastern Nagano Prefecture, with villages scattered between 1,300 and 1,600 metres elevation across forested valleys surrounded by peaks exceeding 2,000 metres. The resort sits approximately 50 kilometres northeast of Nagano City and 250 kilometres northwest of Tokyo, positioned on the western slopes of the mountain range whilst Naeba and Yuzawa resorts occupy eastern flanks. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designation recognises 13,000 hectares of protected alpine environment comprising 70 lakes, ponds, marshes and forests supporting rare flora and fauna unique to volcanic soil composition.

Yudanaka and Shibu Onsen lie 30 minutes downhill via winding mountain roads, offering traditional hot spring ryokan accommodation and access to Jigokudani Snow Monkey Park where wild macaques bathe in natural thermal pools. Nagano City, 45 kilometres southwest, serves as the main regional hub with shinkansen connections, whilst Nakano City 40 minutes away provides supermarket facilities unavailable within the resort's limited convenience stores. Yamanouchi town encompasses Shiga Kogen administratively, with Route 292 and connecting mountain roads linking scattered villages, though steep grades, hairpin turns and frequent snow coverage demand winter tyres and careful driving.

Road access follows Route 292 climbing from Yudanaka through multiple tunnels over approximately 14 kilometres of steep, winding mountain highway often covered in snow requiring chains or four-wheel drive vehicles. The drive from Tokyo takes approximately five hours via Joshinetsu Expressway and Route 18 through Nagano Prefecture, whilst Nagano City lies 90 minutes from the resort base. Snow tyres remain mandatory throughout winter, with road condition webcams monitoring tunnel approaches and switchback sections prone to ice accumulation at higher elevations.

Narita Airport sits 250 kilometres distant with Nagano Snow Shuttle buses operating direct six to seven-hour transfers priced 14,850 to 17,930 yen depending on drop-off location within Shiga Kogen's sprawling area network. Haneda Airport offers similar shuttle services, whilst train connections via Hokuriku Shinkansen reach Nagano Station in 90 minutes from Tokyo, followed by 40-minute Nagano Dentetsu local trains to Yudanaka Station and hourly inexpensive buses climbing to resort villages. Iiyama Station provides alternative shinkansen access with connecting bus services, whilst private transfers accommodate groups avoiding multiple train changes with ski equipment and luggage.